Reported relationships
Latest disclosed role at each company.
| Company | Last reported as | Report date | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Banzai International, Inc.BNZI · Entity 8381 | 10% owner | November 06, 2025 | November 12, 2025 |
Disclosed balances
About these balances
Latest available filing per company, not a reconstructed current portfolio. Matching sequences show the last reported balance with all source rows expandable; grouping alone does not establish account ownership. Do not add unresolved positions together. Filings may omit unchanged positions, and amendments may correct only part of an older disclosure. Jointly reported shares are not necessarily this owner's personal holdings.
Banzai International, Inc.
Report date November 06, 2025 · Filed November 12, 2025
Jointly reported with CP BF Lending, LLC
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 4 |
Last balance in matching sequence
After 2025-11-06 transaction · row 2
Source-order balances reconcile. Account continuity and personal attribution are not independently verified.
2 source rowsRow 1 · 2025-11-06 · Conversion · Acquired 62,700 · Balance 62,704 F1: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F2: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. F3: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. Row 2 · 2025-11-06 · Sale · Disposed 62,700 · Balance 4 F1: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F2: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. F3: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. |
| Convertible NoteSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security · Conversion / exercise price $2.81 · Expires 2027-02-19 | Direct | 2,682,070 |
Reported balance
After 2025-11-06 transaction · row 3
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 3 · 2025-11-06 · Conversion · Disposed 62,700 · Balance 2,682,070 F1: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F4: On October 10, 2025, the Issuer and the Reporting Person agreed to amend the convertible note to, among other things, reduce the conversion price to a price equal to 95% of the price of the Class A common stock on the trading day immediately preceding delivery of any conversion notice, subject to a floor price of $2.50. Accordingly, the convertible note reported herein has been adjusted to reflect the floor price. F5: The maturity date of the convertible note will be February 19, 2027 or, if earlier, the date on which the consolidated convertible loan becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the convertible note or any other loan document. F3: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades.
F2: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose.
F3: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.
F4: On October 10, 2025, the Issuer and the Reporting Person agreed to amend the convertible note to, among other things, reduce the conversion price to a price equal to 95% of the price of the Class A common stock on the trading day immediately preceding delivery of any conversion notice, subject to a floor price of $2.50. Accordingly, the convertible note reported herein has been adjusted to reflect the floor price.
F5: The maturity date of the convertible note will be February 19, 2027 or, if earlier, the date on which the consolidated convertible loan becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the convertible note or any other loan document.
Transaction history
JSON APIPurchases/sales include open-market and private transactions. Plan disclosure applies to the filing; individual rows may differ. “Not disclosed” is not “unplanned.”
The cutoff filters transaction history only. Company summaries and owner relationships show the latest available disclosures. Parser corrections can improve historical records.
| Transaction date | Company | Activity / security | Shares / units | Reported price | Reported value | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 06, 2025 Filed Nov 12, 2025 08:53 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionConvertible Note · Derivative | 62,700 | $0.00 Strike: $2.81 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-25-000005 · primary_doc.xml · derivative · entry 3 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,682,070 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 62,700 shares Expires 2027-02-19 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F4 · derivative.exercise_price: On October 10, 2025, the Issuer and the Reporting Person agreed to amend the convertible note to, among other things, reduce the conversion price to a price equal to 95% of the price of the Class A common stock on the trading day immediately preceding delivery of any conversion notice, subject to a floor price of $2.50. Accordingly, the convertible note reported herein has been adjusted to reflect the floor price. F5 · derivative.expiration_date: The maturity date of the convertible note will be February 19, 2027 or, if earlier, the date on which the consolidated convertible loan becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the convertible note or any other loan document. F1 · balance_after: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F3 · balance_after: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. F4 · balance_after: On October 10, 2025, the Issuer and the Reporting Person agreed to amend the convertible note to, among other things, reduce the conversion price to a price equal to 95% of the price of the Class A common stock on the trading day immediately preceding delivery of any conversion notice, subject to a floor price of $2.50. Accordingly, the convertible note reported herein has been adjusted to reflect the floor price. Read SEC document |
| November 06, 2025 Filed Nov 12, 2025 08:53 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 62,700 | $2.81 | $175,911.12 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-25-000005 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4 F1 · price: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F2 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. F3 · balance_after: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. Read SEC document |
| November 06, 2025 Filed Nov 12, 2025 08:53 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionClass A Common Stock | 62,700 | $2.81 | $175,911.12 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-25-000005 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 62,704 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: The price reported is the weighted average price of multiple trades at prices ranging from $2.5095 to $2.8916 per share, inclusive. The reporting person will provide, upon request by the SEC staff, the Issuer or a security holder of the Issuer, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price within the reported range. The convertible note converted at the same prices as these trades. F2 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. F3 · balance_after: On July 8, 2025, the Issuer effectuated a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Issuer's Class A common stock, resulting in proportionate adjustments to the number of shares beneficially owned by the Reporting Person. Accordingly, the securities reported herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. Read SEC document |
| October 24, 2024 Filed Oct 25, 2024 20:01 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 18,300 | $3.61 | $66,048.36 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000003 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 23, 2024 Filed Oct 25, 2024 20:01 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionConvertible Note · Derivative | 18,300 | $0.00 Strike: $3.89 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000003 · primary_doc.xml · derivative · entry 3 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,223,671 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 18,300 shares Expires 2027-02-19 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: The maturity date of the convertible note will be February 19, 2027 or, if earlier, the date on which the consolidated convertible loan becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the convertible note or any other loan document. F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 23, 2024 Filed Oct 25, 2024 20:01 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionClass A Common Stock | 18,300 | $3.89 | $71,187.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000003 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 18,304 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 18, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionConvertible Note · Derivative | 37,300 | $0.00 Strike: $3.89 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · derivative · entry 9 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,241,971 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 37,300 shares Expires 2027-02-19 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: The maturity date of the convertible note will be February 19, 2027 or, if earlier, the date on which the consolidated convertible loan becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the convertible note or any other loan document. F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 18, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 37,300 | $3.43 | $127,939.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 7 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 18, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | ConversionClass A Common Stock | 37,300 | $3.89 | $145,097.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 6 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 37,304 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | OtherCommon Stock Warrants (right to buy) · Derivative | 304,704 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · derivative · entry 8 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 304,704 shares Expires not disclosed F2 · derivative.expiration_date: No expiration date. F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 114,700 | $3.43 | $393,421.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 5 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 458,249 | $4.32 | $1,979,635.68 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 114,704 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | OtherClass A Common Stock | 304,704 | $0.00 | $30.47 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 572,953 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 37,100 | $3.73 | $138,383.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 268,249 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
| October 17, 2024 Filed Oct 21, 2024 21:44 UTC | Banzai International, Inc. BNZI · Entity 8381 | SaleClass A Common Stock | 25,500 | $4.70 | $119,850.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001911119-24-000002 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 CP BF Lending, LLC · CIK 0001911119 · 10% owner Shain Brad · CIK 0002040801 · 10% owner Joint disclosure: these amounts are not allocated separately to each reporting owner. 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 305,349 F1 · balance_after: Brad Shain may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held directly by CP BF Lending, LLC. Mr. Shain disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that he is the beneficial owner of such securities for purposes of Section 16 or any other purpose. Read SEC document |
Value uses the disclosed total when available, otherwise shares × reported transaction price. It is not an estimate of exercise cash cost or investment performance.