Reported relationships
Latest disclosed role at each company.
| Company | Last reported as | Report date | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.AMRX · Entity 820 | Director · President and CEO | May 07, 2019 | May 09, 2019 |
| CorMedix Inc.CRMD · Entity 5280 | Director | January 26, 2026 | January 27, 2026 |
Disclosed balances
About these balances
Latest available filing per company, not a reconstructed current portfolio. Matching sequences show the last reported balance with all source rows expandable; grouping alone does not establish account ownership. Do not add unresolved positions together. Filings may omit unchanged positions, and amendments may correct only part of an older disclosure. Jointly reported shares are not necessarily this owner's personal holdings.
Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Report date May 07, 2019 · Filed May 09, 2019
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 78,668 |
Ending reported balance
After 2019-05-07 transaction · row 2
2 source rows · reconciled sequenceRow 1 · 2019-05-07 · Exercise / conversion · Acquired 83,277 · Balance 100,277 F1: Represents the gross number of shares of common stock awarded to the reporting person in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units. The actual number of shares issued was reduced by the number of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations. See footnote 3. F2: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. Row 2 · 2019-05-07 · Tax withholding · Disposed 21,609 · Balance 78,668 F3: Represents shares of common stock withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock units. |
| Restricted Stock UnitsSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security | Direct | 249,834 |
Reported balance
After 2019-05-07 transaction · row 3
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 3 · 2019-05-07 · Exercise / conversion · Disposed 83,277 · Balance 249,834 F2: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. F4: On May 7, 2018, the reporting person was granted 333,111 restricted stock units, vesting in four equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted stock units do not expire. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Represents the gross number of shares of common stock awarded to the reporting person in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units. The actual number of shares issued was reduced by the number of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations. See footnote 3.
F2: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock.
F3: Represents shares of common stock withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock units.
F4: On May 7, 2018, the reporting person was granted 333,111 restricted stock units, vesting in four equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted stock units do not expire.
CorMedix Inc.
Report date January 26, 2026 · Filed January 27, 2026
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 66,453 |
Reported balance
After 2026-01-26 transaction · row 1
1 source rowRow 1 · 2026-01-26 · Grant · Acquired 30,453 · Balance 66,453 F1: These shares represent restricted stock units issued on January 26, 2026. Each restricted stock unit represents the right to receive one share of CorMedix Inc. common stock. These restricted stock units will vest in full on January 26, 2027, subject to continued service on the vesting date. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: These shares represent restricted stock units issued on January 26, 2026. Each restricted stock unit represents the right to receive one share of CorMedix Inc. common stock. These restricted stock units will vest in full on January 26, 2027, subject to continued service on the vesting date.
Past disclosures · reporting ended (1)
No longer tracked through insider filings. These historical balances do not imply present ownership or a zero position.
Allergan plc
Report date December 29, 2017 · Filed January 02, 2018
Section 16 reporting ended · disclosed 2018-01-02. Current position is not established by this disclosure.
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001SEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 66,650 |
Reported balance
After 2017-12-29 transaction · row 1
Account or security details depend on footnotes; rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 1 · 2017-12-29 · Tax withholding · Disposed 2,149 · Balance 66,650 F1: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc.
Transaction history
JSON APIPurchases/sales include open-market and private transactions. Plan disclosure applies to the filing; individual rows may differ. “Not disclosed” is not “unplanned.”
The cutoff filters transaction history only. Company summaries and owner relationships show the latest available disclosures. Parser corrections can improve historical records.
| Transaction date | Company | Activity / security | Shares / units | Reported price | Reported value | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 26, 2026 Filed Jan 27, 2026 21:30 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantCommon Stock | 30,453 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001213900-26-008477 · ownership.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 66,453 F1 · price: These shares represent restricted stock units issued on January 26, 2026. Each restricted stock unit represents the right to receive one share of CorMedix Inc. common stock. These restricted stock units will vest in full on January 26, 2027, subject to continued service on the vesting date. Read SEC document |
| January 17, 2025 Filed Jan 22, 2025 21:09 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantCommon Stock | 25,000 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001213900-25-005673 · ownership.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 36,000 F1 · price: These shares represent restricted stock units issued on January 17, 2025. Each restricted stock unit represents the right to receive one share of CorMedix Inc. common stock. These restricted stock units will vest in full on January 17, 2026, subject to continued service on the vesting date. Read SEC document |
| March 05, 2024 Filed Mar 20, 2024 16:26 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantStock Option (Right to Buy Common Stock) · Derivative | 30,000 | $0.00 Strike: $3.55 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000899140-24-000325 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 30,000 Underlying: Common Stock · 30,000 shares Expires 2034-03-05 F1 · derivative.exercise_date: These options were granted on 3/5/2024. The options vest monthly with full vesting on the one year anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continued service on the board. Read SEC document |
| May 17, 2023 Filed May 17, 2023 17:37 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantCommon Stock | 10,000 | $4.37 | $43,735.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000929638-23-001519 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 11,000 Read SEC document |
| May 17, 2023 Filed May 18, 2023 16:51 UTC Amendment | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | PurchaseCommon Stock | 10,000 | $4.37 | $43,735.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000929638-23-001529 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 11,000 F1 · kind: On May 17, 2023, the reporting person filed a Form 4 which inadvertently included Transaction Code "A". The original Form 4 should have indicated Transaction Code "P". The reporting person has filed this amendment to restate the transaction with the correct Transaction Code. Read SEC document |
| April 13, 2023 Filed Apr 17, 2023 16:06 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantStock Option (Right to Buy Common Stock) · Derivative | 14,200 | $0.00 Strike: $5.25 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000929638-23-001181 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 14,200 Underlying: Common Stock · 14,200 shares Expires 2033-04-13 F2 · derivative.exercise_date: These options were granted on 04/13/2023 and are subject to monthly vesting in equal installments during the one-year period beginning on 05/23/2023, subject to continued service on the board of directors. Read SEC document |
| April 13, 2023 Filed Apr 17, 2023 16:06 UTC | CorMedix Inc. CRMD · Entity 5280 | GrantStock Option (Right to Buy Common Stock) · Derivative | 25,000 | $0.00 Strike: $5.25 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000929638-23-001181 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 25,000 Underlying: Common Stock · 25,000 shares Expires 2033-04-13 F1 · derivative.exercise_date: These options were granted on 04/13/2023. One-third of the options vested on the date of grant. One-third of the options will vest on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant, subject to continued service on the board of directors. Read SEC document |
| May 07, 2019 Filed May 9, 2019 21:43 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 83,277 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000088 · wf-form4_155743819080725.xml · derivative · entry 3 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 249,834 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 83,277 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. F4 · derivative.exercise_date: On May 7, 2018, the reporting person was granted 333,111 restricted stock units, vesting in four equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted stock units do not expire. F4 · derivative.expiration_date: On May 7, 2018, the reporting person was granted 333,111 restricted stock units, vesting in four equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted stock units do not expire. Read SEC document |
| May 07, 2019 Filed May 9, 2019 21:43 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 21,609 | $13.44 | $290,424.96 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000088 · wf-form4_155743819080725.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 78,668 F3 · shares: Represents shares of common stock withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock units. Read SEC document |
| May 07, 2019 Filed May 9, 2019 21:43 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 83,277 | Not disclosed | Not disclosed |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000088 · wf-form4_155743819080725.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 100,277 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · shares: Represents the gross number of shares of common stock awarded to the reporting person in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units. The actual number of shares issued was reduced by the number of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations. See footnote 3. F2 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| March 12, 2019 Filed Mar 12, 2019 20:49 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | PurchaseClass A Common Stock | 17,000 | $11.92 | $202,640.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000042 · wf-form4_155242375114309.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 17,000 F1 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $11.89 per share to $11.94 per share. The reporting person undertakes to provide Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., any security holder of Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote. Read SEC document |
| March 01, 2019 Filed Mar 5, 2019 23:04 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 197,531 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000036 · wf-form4_155182704832666.xml · derivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 197,531 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 197,531 shares Expires not disclosed F2 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: The restricted stock units vest in four equal annual installments beginning on March 1, 2020. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: The restricted stock units vest in four equal annual installments beginning on March 1, 2020. Read SEC document |
| March 01, 2019 Filed Mar 5, 2019 23:04 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | GrantStock Option · Derivative | 402,212 | $0.00 Strike: $13.50 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001723128-19-000036 · wf-form4_155182704832666.xml · derivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President and CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 402,212 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 402,212 shares Expires 2029-03-01 F1 · derivative.exercise_date: The option vests in four equal annual installments beginning on March 1, 2020. Read SEC document |
| May 07, 2018 Filed May 9, 2018 22:33 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 333,111 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000899243-18-012150 · doc4.xml · derivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President & CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 333,111 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 333,111 shares Expires not disclosed F2 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: The restricted stock units vest in four equal annual installments beginning on May 07, 2019 and have no expiration date. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: The restricted stock units vest in four equal annual installments beginning on May 07, 2019 and have no expiration date. Read SEC document |
| May 07, 2018 Filed May 9, 2018 22:33 UTC | Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. AMRX · Entity 820 | GrantStock Option · Derivative | 681,199 | $0.00 Strike: $15.01 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000899243-18-012150 · doc4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Director · President & CEO 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 681,199 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 681,199 shares Expires 2028-05-07 F1 · derivative.exercise_date: The option vests in four equal annual installments beginning on May 07, 2019. Read SEC document |
| December 29, 2017 Filed Jan 2, 2018 16:41 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | Tax withholdingOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 2,149 | $163.58 | $351,533.42 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-18-000118 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 66,650 F1 · balance_after: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. Read SEC document |
| October 26, 2017 Filed Oct 30, 2017 21:22 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | Exercise / conversionPerformance Based Restricted Share Unit · Derivative | 12,427 | Not disclosed | Not disclosed |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-013552 · edgar.xml · derivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Ordinary Shares · 12,427 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_price: Each Performance Based Restricted Share Unit or PSU represented a contingent right to receive a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and the Reporting Person. F2 · price: Each Performance Based Restricted Share Unit or PSU represented a contingent right to receive a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and the Reporting Person. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: Each Performance Based Restricted Share Unit or PSU represented a contingent right to receive a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and the Reporting Person. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: Each Performance Based Restricted Share Unit or PSU represented a contingent right to receive a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and the Reporting Person. Read SEC document |
| October 26, 2017 Filed Oct 30, 2017 21:22 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | Exercise / conversionOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 12,427 | Not disclosed | Not disclosed |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-013552 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 68,799 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · shares: The reported securities are restricted share units, each of which represents a right to receive one ordinary share of Allergan plc. The restricted share units will vest in equal installments on each of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. F2 · price: Each Performance Based Restricted Share Unit or PSU represented a contingent right to receive a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and the Reporting Person. F3 · balance_after: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. Read SEC document |
| April 03, 2017 Filed Apr 4, 2017 16:23 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | GrantOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 7,362 | $237.68 | $1,749,800.16 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-005547 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 56,372 F1 · shares: The reported securities are restricted share units, each of which represents a right to receive one ordinary share of Allergan plc. The restricted share units will vest twenty percent (20%) on April 3, 2018, twenty percent (20%) on April 3, 2019, twenty percent (20%) on April 3, 2020, twenty percent (20%) on April 3, 2021 and twenty percent (20%) on April 3, 2022. F2 · balance_after: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. Read SEC document |
| March 05, 2017 Filed Mar 7, 2017 16:54 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | Tax withholdingOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 761 | $245.63 | $186,924.43 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-004108 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 49,010 F1 · balance_after: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. Read SEC document |
| February 01, 2017 Filed Feb 3, 2017 19:56 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | ConversionOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 · Derivative | 2,369 | $0.00 Strike: $229.32 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-001724 · edgar.xml · derivative · entry 3 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Ordinary Shares · 2,369 shares Expires 2017-02-01 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: Represents performance-based restricted share units ("PSUs") which vested on February 1, 2017, following certification of achievement by issuer of certain performance criteria. Each PSU represented a contingent right to receive ordinary shares of the Issuer equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and Reporting Person. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: Represents performance-based restricted share units ("PSUs") which vested on February 1, 2017, following certification of achievement by issuer of certain performance criteria. Each PSU represented a contingent right to receive ordinary shares of the Issuer equal to the product of the applicable performance multiple and the target number of shares underlying the PSU, as set forth in the award agreement between the Issuer and Reporting Person. Read SEC document |
| February 01, 2017 Filed Feb 3, 2017 19:56 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | Tax withholdingOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 798 | $229.32 | $182,997.36 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-001724 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 49,771 F1 · balance_after: Includes restricted shares issued pursuant to the 2013 Incentive Award Plan of Allergan plc. Read SEC document |
| February 01, 2017 Filed Feb 3, 2017 19:56 UTC | Allergan plc AGN · Entity 149298 | GrantOrdinary Shares, par value $0.0001 | 2,369 | $229.32 | $543,259.08 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001179110-17-001724 · edgar.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Stewart Robert A · CIK 0001476493 · Chief Operating Officer 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 50,569 Read SEC document |
Value uses the disclosed total when available, otherwise shares × reported transaction price. It is not an estimate of exercise cash cost or investment performance.