Reported relationships
Latest disclosed role at each company.
| Company | Last reported as | Report date | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowles CorpKN · Entity 4245 | Director | April 28, 2026 | April 29, 2026 |
| MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPMENT · Entity 12420 | Director | March 30, 2017 | March 30, 2017 |
| ROGERS CORPROG · Entity 4438 | Director | May 04, 2023 | May 05, 2023 |
| VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.VIAV · Entity 3595 | Director | November 13, 2025 | November 13, 2025 |
Disclosed balances
About these balances
Latest available filing per company, not a reconstructed current portfolio. Matching sequences show the last reported balance with all source rows expandable; grouping alone does not establish account ownership. Do not add unresolved positions together. Filings may omit unchanged positions, and amendments may correct only part of an older disclosure. Jointly reported shares are not necessarily this owner's personal holdings.
Knowles Corp
Report date April 28, 2026 · Filed April 29, 2026
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 63,299 |
Reported balance
After 2026-04-28 transaction · row 1
1 source rowRow 1 · 2026-04-28 · Grant · Acquired 6,265 · Balance 63,299 F1: Restricted Stock Units (RSU) awarded as compensation for services as a Director pursuant to the Knowles Corporation 2018 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan. The RSUs will vest on the first anniversary of the grant. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Restricted Stock Units (RSU) awarded as compensation for services as a Director pursuant to the Knowles Corporation 2018 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan. The RSUs will vest on the first anniversary of the grant.
MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP
Report date March 30, 2017 · Filed March 30, 2017
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 0 |
Reported balance
After 2017-03-30 transaction · row 1
1 source rowRow 1 · 2017-03-30 · Disposition to issuer · Disposed 8,560 · Balance 0 |
| Restricted Stock UnitsSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security · Conversion / exercise price $0.00 · Expires 2017-06-15 | Direct | 0 |
Reported balance
After 2017-03-30 transaction · row 2
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 2 · 2017-03-30 · Disposition to issuer · Disposed 8,083 · Balance 0 |
ROGERS CORP
Report date May 04, 2023 · Filed May 05, 2023
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital (Common) StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 2,770 |
Reported balance
After 2023-05-04 transaction · row 1
1 source rowRow 1 · 2023-05-04 · Grant · Acquired 950 · Balance 2,770 F1: Represents shares of Rogers Corporation Capital (Common) Stock receivable pursuant to the May 4, 2023, award of deferred stock units. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Represents shares of Rogers Corporation Capital (Common) Stock receivable pursuant to the May 4, 2023, award of deferred stock units.
VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
Report date November 13, 2025 · Filed November 13, 2025
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Restricted Stock UnitSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security · Conversion / exercise price $0.00 | Direct | 14,369 |
Reported balance
After 2025-11-13 transaction · row 1
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 1 · 2025-11-13 · Grant · Acquired 14,369 · Balance 14,369 F1: Units subject to the award shall vest on the earlier of the one year anniversary of the grant or the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders. F2: There are no expiration dates on RSUs. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Units subject to the award shall vest on the earlier of the one year anniversary of the grant or the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
F2: There are no expiration dates on RSUs.
Transaction history
JSON APIPurchases/sales include open-market and private transactions. Plan disclosure applies to the filing; individual rows may differ. “Not disclosed” is not “unplanned.”
The cutoff filters transaction history only. Company summaries and owner relationships show the latest available disclosures. Parser corrections can improve historical records.
| Transaction date | Company | Activity / security | Shares / units | Reported price | Reported value | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 09, 2019 Filed May 13, 2019 19:37 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | GrantCapital (Common) Stock | 850 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001225208-19-007821 · doc4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4,200 F1 · shares: Represents shares of Rogers Corporation Capital (Common) Stock receivable pursuant to the May 9, 2019 award of deferred stock units. Read SEC document |
| February 25, 2019 Filed Feb 26, 2019 22:23 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | SaleCapital (Common) Stock | 700 | $155.75 | $109,026.61 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001225208-19-003756 · doc4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,350 F1 · price: This is the weighted average sale price representing 700 shares sold at prices ranging from $155.63 to $155.87. The number of shares sold at each separate price will be made available to the SEC staff, the Company, or a security holder of the Company upon request. Read SEC document |
| November 19, 2018 Filed Nov 20, 2018 22:13 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | SaleCommon Stock | 11,074 | $9.73 | $107,701.29 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001567619-18-006780 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 98,471 F1 · kind: Shares were sold pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 Stock Trading Plan. F2 · price: This transaction was executed in multiple trades at prices ranging from $9.60 to $9.93. The price reported above reflects the weighted average sale price. The reporting person hereby undertakes to provide upon request to the SEC staff, the issuer or a security holder of the issuer full information regarding the number of shares and prices at which the transaction was effected. Read SEC document |
| November 15, 2018 Filed Nov 19, 2018 22:47 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | GrantRestricted Stock Unit · Derivative | 17,743 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001567619-18-006685 · doc1.xml · derivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 17,743 Underlying: Common Stock · 17,743 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_date: Units will vest 100% one year from the date of grant. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: There are no expiration dates on RSUs. Read SEC document |
| May 04, 2018 Filed May 7, 2018 20:10 UTC | Knowles Corp KN · Entity 4245 | SaleCommon Stock | 3,976 | $13.32 | $52,960.32 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001127602-18-016503 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 43,690 F1 · kind: The sale reported in this Form 4 was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the reporting person on August 2, 2016 Read SEC document |
| May 03, 2018 Filed May 7, 2018 18:36 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | GrantCapital (Common) Stock | 1,200 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001225208-18-008791 · doc4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4,050 F1 · shares: Represents shares of Rogers Corporation Capital (Common) Stock receivable pursuant to the May 3, 2018 award of deferred stock units. Read SEC document |
| May 01, 2018 Filed May 3, 2018 20:16 UTC | Knowles Corp KN · Entity 4245 | GrantCommon Stock | 13,450 | $12.64 | $170,008.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001127602-18-016222 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 47,666 F1 · kind: Annual director restricted stock unit grant issued pursuant to the Knowles Corporation 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan. The RSUs will convert into common stock on a one-for-one basis and vest on April 30, 2019. Read SEC document |
| February 12, 2018 Filed Feb 12, 2018 20:47 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | SaleCommon Stock | 10,000 | $9.72 | $97,188.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-18-006559 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 109,545 F1 · kind: Shares were sold pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 Stock Trading Plan. F3 · price: The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $9.7 to $9.74 inclusive.The reporting person undertakes to provide to Issuer, any security holder of Issuer, or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the ranges set forth in footnotes to this Form 4. Read SEC document |
| February 12, 2018 Filed Feb 12, 2018 20:47 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | SaleCommon Stock | 3,500 | $9.83 | $34,390.30 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-18-006559 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 119,545 F1 · kind: Shares were sold pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 Stock Trading Plan. F2 · price: The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $9.825 to $9.83 inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Issuer, any security holder of Issuer, or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the ranges set forth in footnotes to this Form 4. Read SEC document |
| December 08, 2017 Filed Dec 12, 2017 21:37 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Unit · Derivative | 6,741 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-17-045892 · doc1.xml · derivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Common Stock · 6,741 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: 1/3rd of the Units subject to the Award shall vest on the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, and 1/3rd of the Units subject to the Award shall vest on each anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date thereafter. F1 · derivative.expiration_date: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| December 08, 2017 Filed Dec 12, 2017 21:37 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionCommon Stock | 6,741 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-17-045892 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 123,045 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · kind: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 16, 2017 Filed Nov 20, 2017 23:44 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | GrantCommon Stock | 22,148 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-17-043420 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 116,304 F1 · kind: Exempt grant of restricted stock units under the Issuer's Restated 2003 Equity Incentive Plan. The units will vest and settle for shares of Common Stock of the Issuer on the one year anniversary of the Grant Date. Read SEC document |
| June 09, 2017 Filed Jun 13, 2017 20:39 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | SaleCapital (Common) Stock | 850 | $111.19 | $94,511.50 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001225208-17-011265 · doc4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,850 F1 · shares: This transaction was made pursuant to the Reporting Person's existing Rule 10b5-1 plan. Read SEC document |
| May 04, 2017 Filed May 8, 2017 20:11 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | GrantCapital (Common) Stock | 1,400 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001225208-17-009303 · doc4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,700 F1 · shares: Represents shares of Rogers Corporation Capital (Common) Stock receivable pursuant to the May 4, 2017 award of deferred stock units. Read SEC document |
| May 02, 2017 Filed May 4, 2017 20:44 UTC | Knowles Corp KN · Entity 4245 | GrantCommon Stock | 9,687 | $17.55 | $170,006.85 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001127602-17-016873 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 34,216 F1 · kind: Annual director restricted stock unit grant issued pursuant to the Knowles Corporation 2016 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan. The RSUs will convert into common stock on a one-for-one basis and vest on May 2, 2018. Read SEC document |
| March 30, 2017 Filed Mar 30, 2017 17:23 UTC | MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP MENT · Entity 12420 | Disposition to issuerRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 8,083 | $37.25 Strike: $0.00 | $301,091.75 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001504094-17-000009 · primary_doc.xml · derivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Common Stock · 8,083 shares Expires 2017-06-15 Read SEC document |
| March 30, 2017 Filed Mar 30, 2017 17:23 UTC | MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP MENT · Entity 12420 | Disposition to issuerCommon Stock | 8,560 | $37.25 | $318,860.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001504094-17-000009 · primary_doc.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Read SEC document |
| December 13, 2016 Filed Dec 15, 2016 00:52 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | SaleCommon Stock | 3,371 | $8.52 | $28,720.92 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-089711 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 94,156 F1 · kind: Shares were sold pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 Stock Trading Plan. Read SEC document |
| December 09, 2016 Filed Dec 13, 2016 19:23 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | SaleCommon Stock | 19,523 | $8.56 | $167,116.88 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-089495 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 97,527 F1 · kind: Shares were sold pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 Stock Trading Plan. F2 · price: The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $8.50 to $8.68 inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Issuer, any security holder of Issuer, or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the ranges set forth in footnotes to this Form 4. Read SEC document |
| December 08, 2016 Filed Dec 13, 2016 02:46 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Unit · Derivative | 6,741 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-089447 · doc1.xml · derivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Common Stock · 6,741 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: 1/3rd of the Units subject to the Award shall vest on the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, and 1/3rd of the Units subject to the Award shall vest on each anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date thereafter. F1 · derivative.expiration_date: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| December 08, 2016 Filed Dec 13, 2016 02:46 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionCommon Stock | 6,741 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-089447 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 117,050 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · kind: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 18, 2016 Filed Nov 19, 2016 01:12 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Unit · Derivative | 32,733 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-087318 · doc1.xml · derivative · entry 3 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Common Stock · 32,733 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: All of the Shares subject to the Award shall vest on the one year anniversary of the Grant Date. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 18, 2016 Filed Nov 19, 2016 01:12 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionCommon Stock | 32,733 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-087318 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 110,309 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · kind: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 18, 2016 Filed Nov 22, 2016 21:07 UTC | Knowles Corp KN · Entity 4245 | SaleCommon Stock | 3,485 | $16.05 | $55,934.25 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001127602-16-068095 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 24,529 F1 · kind: The sale reported in this Form 4 was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the reporting person on August 2, 2016 Read SEC document |
| November 16, 2016 Filed Nov 19, 2016 01:12 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | GrantCommon Stock | 27,100 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-087318 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 77,576 F1 · kind: Exempt grant of restricted stock units under the Issuer's Restated 2003 Equity Incentive Plan. The units will vest and settle for shares of Common Stock of the Issuer on the one year anniversary of the Grant Date. Read SEC document |
| November 14, 2016 Filed Nov 17, 2016 01:27 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Unit · Derivative | 6,312 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-087014 · doc1.xml · derivative · entry 2 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Common Stock · 6,312 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: All of the Shares subject to the Award shall vest on the one year anniversary of the Grant date. F1 · derivative.expiration_date: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 14, 2016 Filed Nov 17, 2016 01:27 UTC | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. VIAV · Entity 3595 | Exercise / conversionCommon Stock | 6,312 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-087014 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 50,476 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · kind: Each unit converts upon vesting into one share of common stock. Read SEC document |
| November 11, 2016 Filed Nov 15, 2016 21:17 UTC | ROGERS CORP ROG · Entity 4438 | SaleCapital (Common) Stock | 600 | $71.58 | $42,948.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001140361-16-086794 · doc1.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 BARNES KEITH · CIK 0001268517 · Director 10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,300 F1 · kind: This transaction was made pursuant to the Reporting Person's existing Rule 10b5-1 plan. Read SEC document |
Value uses the disclosed total when available, otherwise shares × reported transaction price. It is not an estimate of exercise cash cost or investment performance.