Reported relationships
Latest disclosed role at each company.
| Company | Last reported as | Report date | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Offerpad Solutions Inc.OPAD · Entity 7642 | See Remarks | April 04, 2024 | April 08, 2024 |
| VERRA MOBILITY CorpVRRM · Entity 5301 | Chief Accounting Officer | August 09, 2026 | August 11, 2026 |
Disclosed balances
About these balances
Latest available filing per company, not a reconstructed current portfolio. Matching sequences show the last reported balance with all source rows expandable; grouping alone does not establish account ownership. Do not add unresolved positions together. Filings may omit unchanged positions, and amendments may correct only part of an older disclosure. Jointly reported shares are not necessarily this owner's personal holdings.
Offerpad Solutions Inc.
Report date April 04, 2024 · Filed April 08, 2024
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 705 |
Reported balance
After 2024-04-04 transaction · row 1
1 source rowRow 1 · 2024-04-04 · Tax withholding · Disposed 100 · Balance 705 F1: Represents shares withheld by the Issuer to satisfy tax withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted stock units. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Represents shares withheld by the Issuer to satisfy tax withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted stock units.
VERRA MOBILITY Corp
Report date August 09, 2026 · Filed August 11, 2026
| Security / award | Ownership account | Disclosed shares / units | Disclosure context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class A Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivative | Direct | 5,900 |
Ending reported balance
After 2026-08-09 transaction · row 4
4 source rows · reconciled sequenceRow 1 · 2026-08-09 · Exercise / conversion · Acquired 3,184 · Balance 6,666 F1: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Row 2 · 2026-08-09 · Tax withholding · Disposed 1,347 · Balance 5,319 Row 3 · 2026-08-09 · Exercise / conversion · Acquired 1,006 · Balance 6,325 F1: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Row 4 · 2026-08-09 · Tax withholding · Disposed 425 · Balance 5,900 |
| Restricted Stock UnitsSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security · Conversion / exercise price $0.00 | Direct | 0 |
Reported balance
After 2026-08-09 transaction · row 5
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 5 · 2026-08-09 · Exercise / conversion · Disposed 3,184 · Balance 0 F1: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F2: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. |
| Restricted Stock UnitsSEC Table II · derivative / convertible security · Conversion / exercise price $0.00 | Direct | 2,013 |
Reported balance
After 2026-08-09 transaction · row 6
Instrument identity requires review; Table II rows are not merged.
1 source rowRow 6 · 2026-08-09 · Exercise / conversion · Disposed 1,006 · Balance 2,013 F1: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F3: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. |
Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms
F1: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock.
F2: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date.
F3: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date.
Transaction history
JSON APIPurchases/sales include open-market and private transactions. Plan disclosure applies to the filing; individual rows may differ. “Not disclosed” is not “unplanned.”
The cutoff filters transaction history only. Company summaries and owner relationships show the latest available disclosures. Parser corrections can improve historical records.
| Transaction date | Company | Activity / security | Shares / units | Reported price | Reported value | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 1,006 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 6 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,013 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 1,006 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 3,184 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 5 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 0 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 3,184 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 425 | $4.90 | $2,082.50 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 5,900 Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 1,006 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 6,325 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 1,347 | $4.90 | $6,600.30 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 5,319 Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2026 Filed Aug 11, 2026 20:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 3,184 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-001090 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 6,666 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| June 16, 2026 Filed Jun 18, 2026 21:25 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 29,880 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-000914 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 29,880 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 29,880 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: On June 16, 2026, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on June 16, 2027, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: On June 16, 2026, the Reporting Person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on June 16, 2027, subject to the Reporting Person's continued service with the Issuer through each such vesting date. Vested shares will be delivered to the Reporting Person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| March 03, 2026 Filed Mar 4, 2026 21:26 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 1,578 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-000306 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 4 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4,737 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 1,578 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F4 · derivative.exercise_date: On March 3, 2025, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 3, 2026. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F4 · derivative.expiration_date: On March 3, 2025, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 3, 2026. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| March 03, 2026 Filed Mar 4, 2026 21:26 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 514 | $16.79 | $8,630.06 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-000306 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,482 F2 · shares: Shares withheld to satisfy tax liability upon vesting of restricted stock units. Read SEC document |
| March 03, 2026 Filed Mar 4, 2026 21:26 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 1,578 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-000306 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,996 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| March 02, 2026 Filed Mar 4, 2026 21:26 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 13,473 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001123292-26-000306 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 3 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 13,473 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 13,473 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: On March 2, 2026, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 2, 2027. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: On March 2, 2026, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 2, 2027. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 1,006 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 6 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,019 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 1,006 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F4 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F4 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 3,184 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 5 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,184 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 3,184 shares Expires not disclosed Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 425 | $23.49 | $9,983.25 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,418 F2 · kind: Shares withheld to satisfy tax liability upon vesting of restricted stock units. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 1,006 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 2,843 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 1,347 | $23.49 | $31,641.03 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 1,837 F2 · kind: Shares withheld to satisfy tax liability upon vesting of restricted stock units. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2025 Filed Aug 11, 2025 21:13 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | Exercise / conversionClass A Common Stock | 3,184 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-014074 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 3,184 Exercise/conversion can include RSU settlement. Transaction price and option strike are different fields; a missing price is not zero. Derivative and underlying rows can describe the same event. F1 · price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. Read SEC document |
| March 03, 2025 Filed Mar 5, 2025 21:51 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 6,315 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-25-004592 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 6,315 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 6,315 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: On March 3, 2025, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 3, 2026. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: On March 3, 2025, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on March 3, 2026. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2024 Filed Aug 12, 2024 21:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 4,025 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-24-014875 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 2 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 4,025 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 4,025 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F3 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F3 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| August 09, 2024 Filed Aug 12, 2024 21:18 UTC | VERRA MOBILITY Corp VRRM · Entity 5301 | GrantRestricted Stock Units · Derivative | 6,368 | $0.00 Strike: $0.00 | $0.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0001062993-24-014875 · form4.xml · derivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · Chief Accounting Officer 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 6,368 Underlying: Class A Common Stock · 6,368 shares Expires not disclosed F1 · derivative.exercise_price: Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of Verra Mobility Corporation Class A Common Stock. F2 · derivative.exercise_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. F2 · derivative.expiration_date: On August 9, 2024, the reporting person was granted restricted stock units, vesting in two (2) equal annual installments beginning on August 9, 2025. Vested shares will be delivered to the reporting person on each settlement date. Read SEC document |
| April 04, 2024 Filed Apr 8, 2024 20:57 UTC | Offerpad Solutions Inc. OPAD · Entity 7642 | Tax withholdingClass A Common Stock | 100 | $7.24 | $724.00 |
DisclosureSEC source: 0000950170-24-042668 · ownership.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1 Patel Hiten M · CIK 0002004498 · See Remarks 10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated Ownership: Direct Disclosed balance after: 705 F1 · shares: Represents shares withheld by the Issuer to satisfy tax withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted stock units. Read SEC document |
Value uses the disclosed total when available, otherwise shares × reported transaction price. It is not an estimate of exercise cash cost or investment performance.