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Greene Michelle D.

Disclosed activity across 2 companies

Tapewire entity
21423
SEC CIK
0001945228

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Reported relationships

Latest disclosed role at each company.

CompanyLast reported asReport datePublished
CARDINAL HEALTH INCCAH · Entity 3014Chief Information OfficerAugust 18, 2026August 20, 2026
WERNER ENTERPRISES INCWERN · Entity 4429DirectorMay 12, 2026May 14, 2026

Disclosed balances

About these balances

Latest available filing per company, not a reconstructed current portfolio. Matching sequences show the last reported balance with all source rows expandable; grouping alone does not establish account ownership. Do not add unresolved positions together. Filings may omit unchanged positions, and amendments may correct only part of an older disclosure. Jointly reported shares are not necessarily this owner's personal holdings.

CARDINAL HEALTH INC

Report date August 18, 2026 · Filed August 20, 2026

Security / awardOwnership accountDisclosed shares / unitsDisclosure context
Common SharesSEC Table I · non-derivativeDirect10,330 Ending reported balance After 2026-08-18 transaction · row 4
4 source rows · reconciled sequence

Row 1 · 2026-08-18 · Sale · Disposed 2,500 · Balance 19,480

F1: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $234.07 to $235.06, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in footnotes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to this Form 4.

Row 2 · 2026-08-18 · Sale · Disposed 4,952 · Balance 14,528

F2: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $235.08 to $236.07, inclusive.

Row 3 · 2026-08-18 · Sale · Disposed 3,512 · Balance 11,016

F3: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $236.08 to $236.96, inclusive.

Row 4 · 2026-08-18 · Sale · Disposed 686 · Balance 10,330

F4: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $237.125 to $237.32, inclusive.

Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms

F1: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $234.07 to $235.06, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in footnotes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to this Form 4.

F2: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $235.08 to $236.07, inclusive.

F3: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $236.08 to $236.96, inclusive.

F4: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $237.125 to $237.32, inclusive.

WERNER ENTERPRISES INC

Report date May 12, 2026 · Filed May 14, 2026

Security / awardOwnership accountDisclosed shares / unitsDisclosure context
Common StockSEC Table I · non-derivativeDirect10,854 Reported balance After 2026-05-12 transaction · row 1
1 source row

Row 1 · 2026-05-12 · Grant · Acquired 3,025 · Balance 10,854

F1: Restricted Stock awarded May 12, 2026 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on May 12, 2027 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning May 12, 2028. The award will become fully vested on May 12, 2029.

Filing footnotes · ownership attribution and instrument terms

F1: Restricted Stock awarded May 12, 2026 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on May 12, 2027 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning May 12, 2028. The award will become fully vested on May 12, 2029.

Transaction history

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Purchases/sales include open-market and private transactions. Plan disclosure applies to the filing; individual rows may differ. “Not disclosed” is not “unplanned.”

The cutoff filters transaction history only. Company summaries and owner relationships show the latest available disclosures. Parser corrections can improve historical records.

Transaction dateCompanyActivity / securityShares / unitsReported priceReported valueDetails
August 18, 2026 Filed Aug 20, 2026 11:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 686 $237.25 $162,753.50
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000005 · wk-form4_1787225332.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 10,330

F4 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $237.125 to $237.32, inclusive.

Read SEC document
August 18, 2026 Filed Aug 20, 2026 11:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 3,512 $236.31 $829,920.72
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000005 · wk-form4_1787225332.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 11,016

F3 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $236.08 to $236.96, inclusive.

Read SEC document
August 18, 2026 Filed Aug 20, 2026 11:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 4,952 $235.68 $1,167,087.36
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000005 · wk-form4_1787225332.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 14,528

F2 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $235.08 to $236.07, inclusive.

Read SEC document
August 18, 2026 Filed Aug 20, 2026 11:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 2,500 $234.57 $586,425.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000005 · wk-form4_1787225332.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 19,480

F1 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $234.07 to $235.06, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in footnotes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to this Form 4.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2026 Filed Aug 18, 2026 20:12 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 10,031 $235.17 $2,358,990.27
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000004 · wk-form4_1787083918.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 21,980

F2 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 6,230 RSUs and 17,230 performance share units.

F3 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2026 Filed Aug 18, 2026 20:12 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 2,551 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000004 · wk-form4_1787083918.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 32,011

F1 · kind: Grant of restricted share units ("RSUs") that vest in three equal annual installments beginning on August 15, 2027.

Read SEC document
August 04, 2026 Filed Aug 6, 2026 10:03 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 17,230 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-26-000028 · wk-form4_1786010578.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 29,460

F1 · kind: Reflects performance share units that will settle on August 15, 2026.

Read SEC document
May 12, 2026 Filed May 14, 2026 20:07 UTC WERNER ENTERPRISES INC WERN · Entity 4429 GrantCommon Stock 3,025 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000793074-26-000114 · wk-form4_1778789255.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Director

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 10,854

F1 · shares: Restricted Stock awarded May 12, 2026 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on May 12, 2027 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning May 12, 2028. The award will become fully vested on May 12, 2029.

Read SEC document
February 27, 2026 Filed Mar 3, 2026 21:11 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 2,646 $228.47 $604,531.62
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000002 · wk-form4_1772572274.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 12,230

Read SEC document
February 27, 2026 Filed Mar 3, 2026 21:11 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 100 $228.55 $22,855.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001945228-26-000002 · wk-form4_1772572274.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 14,876

Read SEC document
August 19, 2025 Filed Aug 19, 2025 23:21 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 1,506 $149.28 $224,815.68
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000098 · wk-form4_1755645690.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 14,976

F5 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $149.20 to $149.33, inclusive.

Read SEC document
August 19, 2025 Filed Aug 19, 2025 23:21 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 11,994 $148.76 $1,784,227.44
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000098 · wk-form4_1755645690.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 16,482

F4 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $148.20 to $149.19, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the ranges set forth in footnotes 4 and 5 to this Form 4.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2025 Filed Aug 19, 2025 23:21 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 9,968 $150.22 $1,497,392.96
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000098 · wk-form4_1755645690.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 28,476

F2 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 6,787 RSUs and 16,362 performance share units.

F3 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2025 Filed Aug 19, 2025 23:21 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 3,476 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000098 · wk-form4_1755645690.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 38,444

F1 · kind: Grant of restricted share units ("RSUs") that vest in three equal annual installments beginning on August 15, 2026.

Read SEC document
August 12, 2025 Filed Aug 12, 2025 20:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 16,362 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000091 · wk-form4_1755030533.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 34,968

F1 · kind: Reflects performance share units that will settle on August 15, 2025.

Read SEC document
May 13, 2025 Filed May 15, 2025 20:10 UTC WERNER ENTERPRISES INC WERN · Entity 4429 GrantCommon Stock 3,706 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001127602-25-014446 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Director

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 7,829

F1 · shares: Restricted Stock awarded May 13, 2025 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on May 13, 2026 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning May 13, 2027. The award will become fully vested on May 13, 2028.

Read SEC document
February 15, 2025 Filed Feb 18, 2025 21:12 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 636 $126.21 $80,269.56
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-25-000015 · wk-form4_1739913162.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 18,606

F1 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 1,401 restricted share units.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
August 19, 2024 Filed Aug 20, 2024 00:26 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 4,000 $108.85 $435,400.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000083 · wk-form4_1724113588.xml · nonDerivative · entry 4

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 19,242

F5 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $108.67 to $108.97, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in footnote 5 to this Form 4.

Read SEC document
August 16, 2024 Filed Aug 20, 2024 00:26 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 1,493 $107.91 $161,109.63
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000083 · wk-form4_1724113588.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 23,242

F4 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 3,466 RSUs.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2024 Filed Aug 20, 2024 00:26 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 4,819 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000083 · wk-form4_1724113588.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 24,735

F3 · kind: Grant of RSUs that vest in three equal annual installments beginning on August 15, 2025.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2024 Filed Aug 20, 2024 00:26 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 2,355 $106.36 $250,477.80
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000083 · wk-form4_1724113588.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 19,916

F1 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 2,682 restricted share units ("RSUs") and 2,785 performance share units.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
August 13, 2024 Filed Aug 14, 2024 20:28 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 2,785 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000069 · wk-form4_1723667278.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 22,271

F1 · kind: Reflects performance share units that will settle on August 15, 2024.

Read SEC document
May 14, 2024 Filed May 16, 2024 20:05 UTC WERNER ENTERPRISES INC WERN · Entity 4429 GrantCommon Stock 2,739 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001127602-24-015644 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Director

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 4,123

F1 · shares: Restricted Stock awarded May 14, 2024 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on May 14, 2025 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning May 14, 2026. The award will become fully vested on May 14, 2027.

Read SEC document
March 15, 2024 Filed Mar 18, 2024 21:50 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 664 $109.93 $72,993.52
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000021 · wk-form4_1710798641.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 19,486

F1 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 1,437 restricted share units.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
February 15, 2024 Filed Feb 16, 2024 13:51 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 664 $103.55 $68,757.20
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-24-000007 · wk-form4_1708091464.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 20,150

F1 · shares: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 1,401 restricted share units.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
November 06, 2023 Filed Nov 8, 2023 21:52 UTC WERNER ENTERPRISES INC WERN · Entity 4429 GrantCommon Stock 1,384 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0001127602-23-027022 · form4.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Director

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 1,384

F1 · shares: Restricted Stock awarded November 6, 2023 under stockholder approved equity plan. This award shall vest subject to continued Board service, 34% on November 6, 2024 (1 year after the grant date) and two annual increments of 33% each beginning November 6, 2025. The award will become fully vested on November 6, 2026.

Read SEC document
August 17, 2023 Filed Aug 17, 2023 23:49 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 SaleCommon Shares 2,000 $86.79 $173,580.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-23-000068 · wf-form4_169231616625890.xml · nonDerivative · entry 3

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 20,814

F4 · price: The price reported in column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $86.65 to $86.92, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide to Cardinal Health, Inc., any security holder of Cardinal Health, Inc., or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in footnote 4 to this Form 4.

Read SEC document
August 16, 2023 Filed Aug 17, 2023 23:49 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 GrantCommon Shares 10,398 $0.00 $0.00
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-23-000068 · wf-form4_169231616625890.xml · nonDerivative · entry 2

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 22,814

F3 · kind: Grant of restricted share units RSUs that vest in three equal annual installments beginning on August 15, 2024.

Read SEC document
August 15, 2023 Filed Aug 17, 2023 23:49 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 1,239 $92.99 $115,214.61
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-23-000068 · wf-form4_169231616625890.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: No plan indicated

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 12,416

F1 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 2,682 restricted share units ("RSUs").

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document
March 15, 2023 Filed Mar 16, 2023 20:26 UTC CARDINAL HEALTH INC CAH · Entity 3014 Tax withholdingCommon Shares 669 $70.72 $47,311.68
Disclosure

SEC source: 0000721371-23-000016 · wf-form4_167899837202535.xml · nonDerivative · entry 1

Greene Michelle D. · CIK 0001945228 · Chief Information Officer

10b5-1 filing: Not disclosed

Ownership: Direct

Disclosed balance after: 13,655

F1 · kind: Represents withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations of the reporting person in connection with the vesting of 1,437 restricted share units.

F2 · price: Reflects closing price on prior business day.

Read SEC document

Value uses the disclosed total when available, otherwise shares × reported transaction price. It is not an estimate of exercise cash cost or investment performance.